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	<title>Bali Indonesia Copywriter, Editor, Writer, Translation, Language Translator Services by IndOkiwi</title>
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	<description>Bali Indonesia Copywriter, Editor, Writer, Translation, Language Translator Services by IndOkiwi</description>
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		<title>indOKiwi at the Asian Games</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/indokiwi-at-the-asian-games.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/indokiwi-at-the-asian-games.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Dec 2010 06:44:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate Responsibility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/?p=243</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We have just come back from the 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou after successfully managing the Mekar Bhuana Conservatory Gamelan and Dance Troupe at a concert series in this bustling city of 11 million.
The troupe [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We have just come back from the 16<sup>th</sup> Asian Games in Guangzhou after successfully managing the Mekar Bhuana Conservatory Gamelan and Dance Troupe at a concert series in this bustling city of 11 million.<span id="more-243"></span></p>
<p>The troupe performed rare and extinct semar pegulingan gamelan music accompanying gambuh and classical dances, with the performances extremely well-received by the international audience as well as the Indonesian Minister of Youth and Sport, Andi Mallarangeng, who was present with his wife and officials from the Consulate General of Indonesia in Guangzhou (see: article on in Indonesian Consulate General in China&#8217;s <a href="http://www.deplu.go.id/guangzhou/Pages/Embassies.aspx?IDP=36&amp;l=id">website</a>).</p>
<p>“Indonesia gained a number of gold medals while I was present at the Asian Games…and I’m sure that if there had been a gamelan competition, Mekar Bhuana would have got gold too!” enthused the Minister, adding that even though he had been to Bali many times he had never seen this classical court style of Balinese gamelan and dance, especially using antique instruments.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s awesome to know that there are people who appreciate the efforts our musicians and dancers, who have learnt much of the material from vintage recordings, because there are no guru left in Bali who remember the art-forms. We are proud to support the preservation of traditional music and dance, and we hope that the Minister and others can help to gain further support to help Balinese document and preserve village performing art-forms.</p>
<p>When we were not managing the troupe, we had the opportunity to watch other groups from parts of Asia, including Burma, Iran, Mongolia and Tuva, who represented a mixture of the old and the new. The people of Guangzhou were lucky to catch such quality performances; of course, many of the shows were packed out.</p>
<p>We enjoyed our China experience and it was a pleasure to work with the Asian Games organising committee in Guangzhou. It was great to be able to help Bali be represented at this prestigious sporting event. We plan to organise more tours for Mekar Bhuana next year, including to other parts of Asia as well as Europe.</p>
<p>Check out the troupes <a href="http://www.balimusicanddance.com/gallery">photos</a>, <a href="http://www.balimusicanddance.com/multimedia/audio">audio samples</a> and <a href="http://www.balimusicanddance.com/multimedia/video">video clips </a>of the performances under the Multimedia tab on their <a href="http://balimusicanddance.com">website</a>. Also, don’t forget to follow them on Facebook and Twitter: Mekar Bhuana Conservatory.</p>
<p>Events and festivals can get in touch with our team of event organisers by contacting us via <a href="http://indokiwibali.com/contact-inquiries">email</a>.</p>
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		<title>Bali – ‘Island of a Thousand Villas’?</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/bali-%e2%80%93-%e2%80%98island-of-a-thousand-villas%e2%80%99.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/bali-%e2%80%93-%e2%80%98island-of-a-thousand-villas%e2%80%99.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 May 2010 04:08:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/?p=227</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[“Real estate is booming!” the man on the street will tell you. “The new Hawaii!” money hungry property agents cry. If this is gospel, Bali is on the fast track to becoming the ‘Island of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>“Real estate is booming!” the man on the street will tell you. “The new Hawaii!” money hungry property agents cry. If this is gospel, Bali is on the fast track to becoming the ‘Island of a Thousand Villas’. <span id="more-227"></span>Forget the culture, tradition and anything else that made Bali distinguishably Bali, and bring on the concrete, glass, minimalist architecture, shopping malls and nightclubs. The dollar is mightier than the rupiah and everyone seems to want their private “piece of paradise”. Short-sightedly, local people are encouraging this, selling off their ancestral land and relocating temples as fast as they you can say ‘maklar’. Gods forbid!</p>
<p>As soon as some naive foreigner buys a property at a price way above the market rate (let’s face it, people here are unashamed opportunists when it comes to selling just about anything here), all the properties in the same general vicinity go up in price over night. Big money is to be made in an instant by these middle men who hawk the housing divisions with their 100cc motorbikes, pidgin-English and bulging money belts. Tax is a dirty word for them, and their dirty profits don’t last long at the cockfights and karaoke bars.</p>
<p>What these investors, property agents and opportunists refuse to acknowledge is the negative impact this will have on the future of Bali, its traditions and its people. Reliable news sources such as the Bali Update suggest that future generations of Balinese could become marginalized and have to move to other islands (Bali Real Estate: Boom or Bust, 2/2/2010). After all, on an average wage of IDR1,000,000 – 1,500,000 per month, how could any local ever afford today’s property prices with the short-term mortgages that banks here offer? We are in for potentially huge social problems if things head in this direction.</p>
<p>There is only so much development, so many water- and power-hungry villas, a fragile island environment can take. We are already stretched to our limits now. What are we really offering and what does the future hold? Get some advice on <em>real</em> property prices, how to invest reponsibly in Bali, and how to assimilate with the local people from expert <a href="http://www.indokiwibali.com/services-2/cultural-services/cultural-attache-with-driver?lang=id">advisors </a>at indOKiwi.</p>
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		<title>indOKiwi Now Offers Consultation &amp; Interpreting with Skype</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/indokiwi-now-offers-consultation-interpreting-with-skype.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/indokiwi-now-offers-consultation-interpreting-with-skype.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 May 2010 04:00:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/?p=225</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We are constantly striving to make life easier for our customers, and now you can consult us about Bali, its culture and the local way of doing things, as well as interpreting—all in real-time via [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We are constantly striving to make life easier for our customers, and now you can consult us about Bali, its culture and the local way of doing things, as well as interpreting—all in real-time via Skype.<span id="more-225"></span></p>
<p>You may be planning to invest in or move to Bali—these are big decisions and it’s invaluable to get professional, local advice every step of the way. We can make investment and assimilation so much easier and hassle free for you. Consult us via Skype, with or without video, about Bali and our local-expatriate team of experts will provide you with important tips and recommendations.</p>
<p>The sort of questions you may wish to ask: What are the real (not the ones you find on property websites) land, house and building prices? If I live in the ____________ area, what amenities are nearby? Can you recommend a trustworthy lawyer or notary? What kind of visa will I need? Can you recommend accommodation in the _____________ area? I wish to source or buy __________ product—where can I do this? I’m planning to work with a local partner—what are the risks? And thousands more crucial questions that we have the answers for&#8230;</p>
<p>You may already have a local partner, wish to communicate something to your legal advisor, or simply chat with a local friend or third party. The problem is&#8230;there is a language barrier, and you are afraid of misunderstanding each other. We have a solution—engage a professional indOKiwi interpreter to help you communicate effectively and efficiently. We will coordinate a Skype session with the local person and you can chat in real-time.</p>
<p>Why wait until you arrive and waste precious time and effort in 30 degrees of heat trying to understand the local way of doing things? Contact us now for an obligation-free quote!</p>
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		<title>Why do people ride their motorbikes with their jackets on backwards?</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/why-do-people-ride-their-motorbikes-with-their-jackets-on-backwards.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/why-do-people-ride-their-motorbikes-with-their-jackets-on-backwards.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Apr 2010 11:46:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/?p=223</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[What makes Bali such a wonderful place for me is that it is simply beaming with the bizarre. Sometimes, it is those little things which catch the eye, raise the eyebrows, and then you forget [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What makes Bali such a wonderful place for me is that it is simply beaming with the bizarre. <span id="more-223"></span>Sometimes, it is those little things which catch the eye, raise the eyebrows, and then you forget about it, no questions asked. Take the brawny tattooed men you may catch riding pink girly bikes complete with baskets, for example (definitely best not to ask).<br />
One which I can attempt to fathom out is the unspoken clique of ‘jacket round the wrong way’ motorbike riders that hit the scene several years back. Basically, the jacket serves to protect the arms from the tropical sun, but why backwards? Have they lost a few buttons and can’t do it up if they wear it the right way round? Is it some sort of secret fashion code? The most likely reason is that it acts as a kind of windbreak; if this is the case, I’d recommend using the old newspaper up the t-shirt trick (especially if you’re up in the mountains!).<br />
You see, locals view the world a little differently from us ‘guests’. The sun is something to shelter and hide from, not something to worship and soak in. In essence the back-to-front jacket mo’bike kids are the antithesis of the shirtless surfer mo’bike tourist. One wants a tan, the other is afraid of it. After all, if you’d spent millions of rupiah on skin whitening products, you too would stay out of the sun.<br />
For most people here, the sun is something most people try to avoid: hanging back from the line at the lights if there is a shady tree nearby; building damp, concrete houses with no sunlight or ventilation; wearing clothes in the sea.<br />
The ironic thing is that our skin can’t really handle the sun; we burn, blotch and wrinkle. But for some reason we can’t get enough of it. It’s a strange old ‘topsy turvy’ world&#8230;<br />
For more information about Balinese culture and assimilation, we can offer you advice via personal Skype sessions. <a href="http://www.indokiwibali.com/contact-inquiries?lang=id">Contact us</a> for details and prices.<br />
© Vaughan Hatch 2010</p>
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		<title>Plastic Fantastic Beats the Banana Leaf</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/plastic-fantastic-beats-the-banana-leaf-2.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/plastic-fantastic-beats-the-banana-leaf-2.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Apr 2010 02:40:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/?p=217</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The local attitude towards plastic and plastic bags is not simply practically based, but also has its roots in cultural beliefs and habits. For example, most people in Bali don’t like to mix toiletries with [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The local attitude towards plastic and plastic bags is not simply practically based, but also has its roots in cultural beliefs and habits. <span id="more-217"></span>For example, most people in Bali don’t like to mix toiletries with food.  This is why places like Hardy’s always offer you a special separate bag. Unfortunately this tradition only adds to the number of plastic bags each consumer receives; this means that the number of bags an Indonesian consumer receives could be as much as double as that of consumers in other countries.</p>
<p>Shoppers I’ve talked to here also feel that it is their ‘right’ as a customer to get a plastic bag—as many as possible if the plastic is flimsy! (even though a cloth bag will last you for years and years…) Personally, if I’m only buying a few items and I forget my cloth bag, I just carry the things in my hands and then put them straight into the car under the seat of my motorbike. I’ve learnt, however, that for Balinese not using a bag can be risky business. They believe that any food you may be carrying may be poisoned by a “master of the dark arts” who may not like us or who may just be happening to pass us at the time. Learn more about Balinese culture by <a href="http://www.indokiwibali.com/services-2/cultural-services/cultural-attache-with-driver?lang=id">consulting indOKiwi experts and advisors</a>.</p>
<p>Possibly another reason why people don’t like to use other alternatives for wrapping food or offering sari etc (banana leaf was the original way) could be that they feel that it is backward or village-like. The irony of this is that people are inadvertently impacting negatively the beautiful environment of Bali every time they buy canang sari offerings in little plastic bags, when the canang sari is actually an offering of thanks to God and to nature for all the Earth provides for us. Perhaps this unnecessary use of plastic needs a bit of a rethink…</p>
<p>© 2010 Vaughan Hatch</p>
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		<title>What is the difference between ‘ngayah’ and ‘ngo’opin’?</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/what-is-the-difference-between-%e2%80%98ngayah%e2%80%99-and-%e2%80%98ngo%e2%80%99opin%e2%80%99.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/what-is-the-difference-between-%e2%80%98ngayah%e2%80%99-and-%e2%80%98ngo%e2%80%99opin%e2%80%99.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Apr 2010 01:33:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/what-is-the-difference-between-%e2%80%98ngayah%e2%80%99-and-%e2%80%98ngo%e2%80%99opin%e2%80%99.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you live in Bali I’m sure you’ll already know that a Balinese life is full of ceremonies that seem to take place nearly every day of the year. Balinese will use many different terms [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you live in Bali I’m sure you’ll already know that a Balinese life is full of ceremonies that seem to take place nearly every day of the year. <span id="more-216"></span>Balinese will use many different terms to explain what ceremony that are involved in, and, since these words don’t have direct equivalents in English, I will explain what some of them mean.</p>
<p>Let’s start with the difference between ‘ngayah’ and ‘ngo’opin’. Both of these words loosely mean ‘to help out with a religious or community activity’. Often focussed on a religious-based activity in a temple, Brahmin household (griya) or palace (puri), ngayah is a more commonly heard term. The word ‘ngayah’ has a different connotation depending which part of Bali you’re from. From my experience, in South Bali the word means to ‘devote oneself to a particular cause or ceremonial activity without any expectation of payment or reciprocity’. So, if you dance or play gamelan at a ceremony, for example, that is called ngayah if you are not paid to do so.</p>
<p>Ngo’opin is a more general word for helping out at the banjar or friends and family when they have a particular ceremony; for example, in preparation for a wedding, tooth-filing or cremation.</p>
<p>Acts of both ngayah or ngo’opin can last for many days, weeks or even months if the ceremony is large enough. These demands placed can bring to a halt other activities in a Balinese person’s life, including work. This is why employers have to be both aware yet realistic about how much time off they can grant to their Balinese employees. I’ve known of employees who have been forced to quit their jobs in lieu of a large ceremony!</p>
<p>© Vaughan Hatch 2010</p>
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		<title>Why do people always say “makan, makan” to you if they are eating?</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/why-do-people-always-say-%e2%80%9cmakan-makan%e2%80%9d-to-you-if-they-are-eating.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/why-do-people-always-say-%e2%80%9cmakan-makan%e2%80%9d-to-you-if-they-are-eating.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Apr 2010 06:55:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/?p=214</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[One thing that you will learn fast if you live here is that fact that Indonesia has a culture of shame. This is particularly prevalent in Bali. It applies to food too -  it is [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One thing that you will learn fast if you live here is that fact that Indonesia has a culture of shame. <span id="more-214"></span>This is particularly prevalent in Bali. It applies to food too -  it is considered impolite to eat in front of someone else without offering him or her to join you.</p>
<p>I’ve read in the guidebooks that it’s not an invitation to eat, just courtesy; however this is not always the case. It depends really whether you know the person well or not. If you’re at their house and they say “makan!” it often means help yourself (not from the same bowl though) to whatever’s left over in the kitchen.</p>
<p>On occasion I’ve seen the first person to receive food in a warung (food kiosk) to say “makan” or “saya duluan” (I’m eating before you” to complete strangers. This is why you’ll often see people hidden away eating, particular if they are servants. They’ll squat on the floor and look up guiltily at others if they walk in.</p>
<p>Most people here eat with their hands and many say that the food tastes better like that, rather than using metal utensils as many other cultures do. The right is the eating hand and there is quite a technique to holding up your food bowl while rolling your rice into little balls to pop into your mouth. It  always surprises me that even though Chinese food made it here, the chopsticks didn’t come with it!</p>
<p>© Vaughan Hatch 2010</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Plastic Fantastic Beats the Banana Leaf</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/plastic-fantastic-beats-the-banana-leaf.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/plastic-fantastic-beats-the-banana-leaf.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Apr 2010 08:14:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/?p=210</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The local attitude towards plastic and plastic bags is not simply practically based, but also has its roots in cultural beliefs and habits. For example, most people in Bali don’t like to mix toiletries with [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The local attitude towards plastic and plastic bags is not simply practically based, but also has its roots in cultural beliefs and habits. <span id="more-210"></span>For example, most people in Bali don’t like to mix toiletries with food.  This is why places like Hardy’s always offer you a special separate bag. Unfortunately this tradition only adds to the number of plastic bags each consumer receives; this means that the number of bags an Indonesian consumer receives could be as much as double as that of consumers in other countries.</p>
<p>Shoppers I’ve talked to here also feel that it is their ‘right’ as a customer to get a plastic bag—as many as possible if the plastic is flimsy! (even though a cloth bag will last you for years and years…) Personally, if I’m only buying a few items and I forget my cloth bag, I just carry the things in my hands and then put them straight into the car under the seat of my motorbike. I’ve learnt, however, that for Balinese not using a bag can be risky business. They believe that any food you may be carrying may be poisoned by a “master of the dark arts” who may not like us or who may just be happening to pass us at the time.</p>
<p>Possibly another reason why people don’t like to use other alternatives for wrapping food or offering sari etc (banana leaf was the original way) could be that they feel that it is backward or village-like. The irony of this is that people are inadvertently impacting negatively the beautiful environment of Bali every time they buy canang sari offerings in little plastic bags, when the canang sari is actually an offering of thanks to God and to nature for all the Earth provides for us. Perhaps this unnecessary use of plastic needs a bit of a rethink…</p>
<p>© Vaughan Hatch 2010</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Kanggoang malu nah!</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/kanggoang-malu-nah.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/kanggoang-malu-nah.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Apr 2010 08:11:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.indokiwibali.com/?p=207</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You don’t have to stay in Bali for long to realize that the perfection, precision and efficiency we find say in many European cultures is not the general mindset. A combination of the tropical heat, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You don’t have to stay in Bali for long to realize that the perfection, precision and efficiency we find say in many European cultures is not the general mindset. <span id="more-207"></span>A combination of the tropical heat, village lifestyle and compromised infrastructure means that things don’t always go to plan. Disappointment is a very foreign concept for Balinese and it really is a beautiful side to the personalities of the people here. Without disappointment, there is less expectation, less anguish, less comparing, less blame, less heartbreak…</p>
<p>The laid-back attitude of the Balinese could be summed up in one simple word: ‘kanggoang’, which can be very loosely translated as something like “accept it as it is” or “this is all I can offer”. For example, you’ve been working on something but it’s late or you’ve run out of patience, kanggoang will mean “let’s just accept that this is about as much as we can do for now”. Or say you have a guest at your place but everything’s in a mess, kanggoang (in this case, use the refined form ‘kanggiang’) would mean “I’m ashamed of what I have, but this is it”. Sometimes it has overtones from other Asian cultures. If you have done something for someone, you could use kanggoang to insist that “it is not worthy but it is all you are capable of doing”.</p>
<p>A Balinese’s frequent use of kanggoang is not to say that Balinese are not achievers or don’t strive for something, but there accepting of ‘how good something is going to ever get’. There are tons of examples of artistic brilliance in Bali, there are few things that are ‘machine perfect’.</p>
<p>Kanggoang can be bewildering for visitors but it is part of the Balinese pscyhe that, while fading due to the outside influences, is still very much alive and is what makes Bali the relaxed and tolerant society that it is today.</p>
<p>© Vaughan Hatch 2010</p>
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		<title>Sweet Victory!</title>
		<link>http://www.indokiwibali.com/sweet-victory.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.indokiwibali.com/sweet-victory.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Mar 2010 08:19:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The Indonesian rupiah must be the most valuable currency in the world. After all, it’s now wrapped in plastic and edible! I figure this is why in Indonesia coins can be substituted for candy. Realistically, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Indonesian rupiah must be the most valuable currency in the world. <span id="more-198"></span>After all, it’s now wrapped in plastic and edible! I figure this is why in Indonesia coins can be substituted for candy. Realistically, of course, what retailers do to the general public is as easy as stealing candy from a baby – only they’re the ones giving us the candy!</p>
<p>How many of us actually enjoying receiving candy instead of money? How many of us actually realize this is daylight robbery? How many of us actually end up chucking these icky sweeties in the bin, out the car window, in the empty lot next-door, in the river? How many people have considered that it is actually not good to encourage people, especially children, to eat sweets?</p>
<p>Sly local retailers like to make out that they are victims of the banks – banks that don’t stock coins. My answer is: “Get real” or “Round down if you don’t have the change”. It is our legal right as consumers to get our change in legal currency and we should not stand for being short-changed or ripped off.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, society seems to willingly accept this scam. I suppose this is why that the government has eventually decided to crack down: now <em>it is officially</em> <em>illegal to give change in candy</em>.</p>
<p>Bear this in mind when someone tries to ‘slip you the sweet’: that retailer is actually profiteering out of this fiasco; the negative impact of the disposal of millions of plastic sweet wrappers every day; that these retailers are actively encouraging junk food consumption; if you were in your own country, you would never put up with it.</p>
<p>I encourage you as the consumer to:</p>
<ol>
<li>Say “no” to candy change.</li>
<li>Insist any retailer or service provider give you the correct change.</li>
<li>If they don’t have change, insist they round down rather than up because it is <em>their </em>responsibility not <em>yours</em>.</li>
<li>Return another day and attempt to buy something with a mountain of candy – they’re using it as currency, why shouldn’t you?</li>
</ol>
<p>© Vaughan Hatch 2010</p>
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